A visa is often required to stay/live in the
country of your destination. You must request
the form and get the information to the Spanish
Consulate when you are still in your country of
origin.
Do not mix consulate
and embassy. The embassy is the representation
of the State in a foreign country and is in charge
of all the relations with the government of the
country where located. The consul protects and
administrates the community coming from his country.
However, you must usually live for 6 months in
the country before you have to register. You will
find all the information by asking the Consulate.
In the 27 countries of the European community,
a valid National Identity Card or Passport is
enough. You don't have to fill any other form
in. In many cases, your new company will do the
formalities for you.
The 27 countries of the European Union are: Germany, France, The United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, Austria, Italy, Finland, Ireland, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium, Denmark, Greece, Sweden, Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Romania.
Residence Applications
Anyone arriving in Spain and
planning to live indefinitely, study, work or
start a business, must apply for a residence card
within 15 days of arriving in Spain.
EU nationals planning to stay for a limited period
(e.g. a short-term contract) are issued with a
temporary residence card for the period requested.
If the period is indefinite a five-year residence
card (tarjeta comunitaria europea
or tarjeta de residente comunitario) is
issued. Cards for dependants are issued for the
same period as the principal applicant (children
under 18 may be included on a parent's residencia).
A non-EU residence card is initially valid for
two years or the length of a contract and on renewal
is valid for five years. A permanent residence
card is available to all foreigners who have held
a normal residence permit for a period of six
years.
Residence cards are
issued by the foreign nationals office (Oficina
Gubernativa de Extranjeros) or the provincial
central police station (Comisaría de Policía Provincial)
in the province where the applicant is resident,
and applications must be made in person to the
nearest national police station (Comisaría de
Policía Nacional) with a foreigners' department
(departamento/oficina de extranjeros).
When you are in Spain, take your Rental Agreement/Property Title, and two different bills (gas/electricity/telephone for example) with your new address to the Oficina de Empadronamiento in order to get your Alta de Residencia and your Certificado de Empadronamiento (it's useful for free public emergency care, free entrance to museums...etc).
Citizenship
After being a resident in Spain for a few years (2 to 10 years depending on the circumstances and the country you come from) you can apply for a Spanish citizenship. Nevertheless, if you are already a EU citizen, it may not change a lot, except essentially passport and the right to vote. The public body in charge of citizenship is the Ministerio de Justicia ; the place to apply is the Registro Civil. You might have to renounce citizenship with your country of origin, but in practice they check rarely and you shouldn't get into trouble as long as you don't show both passports at the same time.